Prevalence, Isolation, Characterisation and Antibiogram Study of Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Different Poultry Farms of Odisha

From 182 birds of different farms of odisha suspected for colibacillosis 317 swab samples containing 51 air sacs, 39 lungs, 53 livers, 36 heart bloods, 45 pericardial fluids, 19 yolk sacs and 74 intestine samples were processed for isolation and identification of pathogenic E. coli. and subjected to detail bacteriological and biochemical examination in the laboratory and 105 E. coli isolates were isolated following standard procedures. The percentage of isolation of E. coli isolates in decreasing order was yolk sac (52.6%) and heart blood (38.4%) in 0-4 week birds. In older birds (4-7week) the highest percentage of isolation was from pericardial fluid (35.8%) followed by heart blood (33.4%). The present study showed that the frequency of occurrence of O9 strain is highest (16.7%) followed by O1, O33 & O51 (13.3%), O23 & O119 (10%), O103 & 79 (6.7%) and serotype O90 (3.3%). The antibiogram study reveals that, E. coli isolates found were highly resistant to some of the classical drugs like chlortetracycline (88.58%), streptomycin (85.72%), penicillin-G (82.86%), amikacin (82.86%), furazolidone (77.14%), ampicillin (74.29%), Tetracycline(74.29%), Amoxicillin (71.43%) and cotrimoxazole (71.43%), while isolates were highly sensitive to ceftriaxone and tazobactum (94.29%), ceftriaxone (91.43%), gentamicin (85.72%), chloromphenicol (82.67%), cephotaxime (77.14%), cefixime (74.29%) and ciprofloxacin (74.29%)

Virulence Genotyping of Pasteurella multocida

In this study, 108 P. multocida isolates recovered from various host animals such as cattle, buffalo, swine, poultry (chicken, duck, and emu) and rabbits were screened for carriage of 8 virulence associated genes. The results revealed some unique information on the prevalence of virulence associated genes among Indian isolates. With the exception of toxA gene, all other virulence associated genes were found to be regularly distributed among host species. Association study between capsule type and virulence genes suggested that pfhA, nanB, and nanH genes were regularly distributed among all serotypes with the exception of CapD, whereas toxA gene was found to be positively associated with CapD and CapA. The frequency of hgbA and nanH genes among swine isolates of Indian origin was found to be less in comparison to its equivalents around the globe. Interestingly, very high prevalence of tbpA gene was observed among poultry, swine, and rabbit isolates. Likewise, very high prevalence of pfhA gene (95.3%) was observed among Indian isolates, irrespective of host species origin

Seroprevalencija virusnog proljeva goveda u uzgojnim farmama u Indiji

Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is an important infectious viral disease affecting cattle populations all over the world. In addition to direct loss caused by the disease, the virus causes immunosuppression thereby predisposing the host to other diseases. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to detect the prevalence of BVD in 14 well-organized herds located in different parts of India. A total of 880 serum samples (646 cattle and 234 buffaloes) were screened by a commercial ELISA kit, detecting antibodies towards the p80 (NS3) region of BVDV. The overall true prevalence was 56.67% (95% CI: 53.26-60.02%) and within herds, it ranged from 0-99.99%. The prevalence rate was higher in cattle (65.42%) than in buffaloes (32.49%) and the difference was statistically significant. Further, a significant difference in prevalence among cattle breed types was recorded, with the lowest in indigenous cattle (16.49%) followed by crossbreeds (16,97% and exotic breeds (87.80%). Higher positivity was detected among females (68.87%) than males (48.83%) but this difference was not significant, as revealed by multivariate regression analysis. Of the 10 semen stations studied, the prevalence varied from 9.72% to 72.68%. However, none of the animals from these semen stations turned positive in the antigen ELISA test, suggesting the antibodies detected in this study were from past infections. On the two dairy farms/bull mother farms showing very high positivity, two (one each) persistently infected cows were detected during whole herd screening by antigen ELISA test. One bull mother farm was free of BVD antibodies suggesting it is possible to maintain BVDV-free herds. The present study indicates the endemicity of BVDV in Indian organized herds, and therefore a suitable testing strategy and management should be adopted in response to testing to control the introduction and further transmission of the disease on farms.Virusni proljev goveda (BVD) važna je zarazna virusna bolest od koje obolijevaju goveda diljem svijeta. Osim izravnoga gubitka uzrokovanog bolešću, virus uzrokuje imunosupresiju zbog čega domaćin postaje podložan drugim bolestima. Provedeno je presječno istraživanje kako bi se otkrila prevalencija BVD-a u 14 organiziranih uzgoja koji su uključivali farme bikovskih majki i stanice za proizvodnju sjemena za UO. Uzgoji su se nalazili u različitim područjima Indije. Ukupno je 880 uzoraka seruma (646 goveda i 234 bivola) analizirano komercijalnim ELISA testom za otkrivanje protutijela na regiju p80 (NS3) BVDV-a. Ukupna je stvarna prevalencija iznosila 56,67 % (95 % CI: 53,26 – 60,02 %), a unutar stada kretala se u rasponu od 0 do 99,99 %. Stopa prevalencije bila je veća u goveda (65,42 %) nego u bivola (32,49 %) i razlika je bila statistički znakovita. Nadalje, zabilježena je znakovita razlika u prevalenciji među pasminama goveda, s tim da je najmanja bila u autohtonih pasmina goveda (16,49 %), slijede zatim križanci (61,97 %) te egzotične pasmine (87,80 %). Veća je pozitivnost zabilježena u ženki (68,87 %) u odnosu na mužjake (48,83 %), ali multivarijantna regresijska analiza nije potvrdila znakovitost te razlike. Među deset istraživanih stanica za proizvodnju sjemena za UO, prevalencija je varirala od 9,72 % do 72,68 %. No ni jedna životinja iz tih stanica nije bila pozitivna na antigenskom ELISA testu, što pokazuje da protutijela pronađena u ovom istraživanju potječu od prijašnjih infekcija. Na dvjema farmama mliječnih krava - bikovskih majki tijekom testiranja cijelog stada antigenskim ELISA testom, utvrđena je visoka pozitivnost pri čemu su dvije krave bile stalno zaražene. Na jednoj farmi bikovskih majki nisu pronađena BVD protutijela što upućuje na to da je moguće održati stada bez ove bolesti. Rezultati istraživanja upućuje na endemičnost BVDV-a u organiziranim uzgojima goveda u Indiji zbog čega postoji potreba za odgovarajućim strategijama testiranja i upravljanja stadom kako bi se kontrolirao unos bolesti i njezino širenje na farmama

Serosurveillance of foot-and-mouth disease in ruminant population of Coastal Odisha, India

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India and three serotypes viz, O, A, and Asia1 are prevalent in the country. In the current study a total of 551 serum samples were collected randomly from 51 cattle, 127 sheep and 373 goats from areas with or without the history of recent outbreaks in different districts of coastal Odisha, India. The samples were screened for antibodies against non-structural proteins (NSPs) and structural proteins (SP) of FMD virus to gather evidence with respect to the FMD virus circulation. The study revealed a higher level of NSP antibodies in goats (38.33%) and cattle (33.33%), and lower prevalence in sheep (3.93%). In case of SP antibodies, the prevalence was higher in cattle (68.62%) followed by goats (38.87%) and sheep (17.32%). The study reiterates the importance of strengthening of FMD surveillance in small ruminants as they could pose a potential risk of virus transmission to cattle

Isolation and antibiogram of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli isolates from clinical and subclinical cases of bovine mastitis

Aim: The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate the continuous change in the pattern of drug resistance showed by different mastitogenic organisms, isolated from clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using 150 milk samples received from various clinical and subclinical cases, from which the causative organisms were isolated and subjected to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test.Results: The bacteriological analysis of the samples indicated the presence of both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms followed by isolation of isolates like Staphylococcus, E. coli, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Klebsiella. The in vitro sensitivity of Staphylococcus, E. coli and Streptococcus isolates revealed that they were more sensitive towards newer antimicrobials like Levofloxacin and Enrofloxacin.Conclusion: The prevalence of Staphylococcus was found to be maximum followed by Streptococcus and E. coli among the isolated organisms. Levofloxacin and Enrofloxacin were found to be most effective against the targeted isolates

Nutritional stretegies to prevent Urolithiasis in Animals

Urolithiasis is a common problem in both ruminants and non-ruminants and nutrition plays a significant role in predisposing urolithiasis. The nutritional factors mainly influence urinary constituents and pH, which affect stone nucleation and growth. While surgery can render a patient stone-free, non-operative treatment modalities are required to prevent and reduce the risk of recurrent urolithiasis. Moreover, long-term pharmacological therapy and its potential side effects often lead to subsequent failure. In this regard, nutritional management is the best preventive strategy against urolithiasis. [Vet. World 2011; 4(3.000): 142-144

Antigenic evidence of bluetongue virus from small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha, India

Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to carry out antigenic detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) among the small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha (coastal and central) using recombinant VP7 (r-VP-7) based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-ELISA). Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=274) were collected from two different geographical pockets of Odisha, which covered mostly the coastal and central regions. Of the total samples under study 185 were from goat and 89 were from sheep. The blood samples were tested for the presence of BTV antigen by r-VP7 based s-ELISA. Results: r-VP-7 s-ELISA detected BTV antigen in 52.43% and 44.94% of the goat and sheep population under study, respectively. This study highlights the antigenic persistence of BTV in the state for the 1 st time. Conclusion: This high antigenic presence in both sheep and goat population suggests an alarming BTV infection in field conditions which warrants more systematic study directed toward isolation and characterization studies as well as the implementation of control strategy for BT in Odisha

Antigenic evidence of bluetongue virus from small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha, India

Aim: The aim of the present study was to carry out antigenic detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) among the small ruminant population of two different geographical regions of Odisha (coastal and central) using recombinant VP7 (r-VP-7) based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-ELISA). Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=274) were collected from two different geographical pockets of Odisha, which covered mostly the coastal and central regions. Of the total samples under study 185 were from goat and 89 were from sheep. The blood samples were tested for the presence of BTV antigen by r-VP7 based s-ELISA. Results: r-VP-7 s-ELISA detected BTV antigen in 52.43% and 44.94% of the goat and sheep population under study, respectively. This study highlights the antigenic persistence of BTV in the state for the 1st time. Conclusion: This high antigenic presence in both sheep and goat population suggests an alarming BTV infection in field conditions which warrants more systematic study directed toward isolation and characterization studies as well as the implementation of control strategy for BT in Odisha